美国学者编的学术词汇清单上的头500个单词
武夷山
Applied Linguistics（应用语言学）杂志2014年第3期发表了美国杨百翰大学语言学与英语语言系Dee Gardner和Mark Davies的文章，A New Academic Vocabulary List（一个新的学术词汇清单）。文章描述了他们根据“当代美国英语语料库”（拥有4.25亿个词）的学术子语料库（有1.2亿个词）编制出的一个新的学术词汇清单。原文见http://courses.washington.edu/englhtml/engl563/PDFs/Applied%20Linguistics-2013-Gardner-applin_amt015.pdf。
下面是该清单的Top 500词汇，供大家参考。年轻的朋友看看，您是否都认识和掌握？这些是基础得不能再基础了的学术词汇。有意思的是，由于与在美国英语中的使用频率有关，Top 500词汇中包含African，但不包含Asian；包括Germen，但不包括Chinese。
Table 4: Top 500 words (lemmas) in the AVL
1. study.n
2. group.n
3. system.n
4. social.j
5. provide.v
6. however.r
7. research.n
8. level.n
9. result.n
10. include.v
11. important.j
12. process.n
13. use.n
14. development.n
15. data.n
16. information.n
17. effect.n
18. change.n
19. table.n
20. policy.n
21. university.n
22. model.n
23. experience.n
24. activity.n
25. human.j
26. history.n
27. develop.v
28. suggest.v
29. economic.j
30. low.j
31. relationship.n
32. both.r
33. value.n
34. require.v
35. role.n
36. difference.n
37. analysis.n
38. practice.n
39. society.n
40. thus.r
41. control.n
42. form.n
43. report.v
44. rate.n
45. significant.j
46. figure.n
47. factor.n
48. interest.n
49. culture.n
50. need.n
51. base.v
52. population.n
53. international.j
54. technology.n
55. individual.n
56. type.n
57. describe.v
58. indicate.v
59. image.n
60. subject.n
61. science.n
62. material.n
63. produce.v
64. condition.n
65. identify.v
66. knowledge.n
67. support.n
68. performance.n
69. project.n
70. response.n
71. approach.n
72. support.v
73. period.n
74. organization.n
75. increase.v
76. environmental.j
77. source.n
78. nature.n
79. cultural.j
80. resource.n
81. century.n
82. strategy.n
83. theory.n
84. product.n
85. method.n
86. goal.n
87. likely.j
88. note.v
89. represent.v
90. general.j
91. article.n
92. similar.j
93. environment.n
94. language.n
95. determine.v
96. structure.n
97. section.n
98. common.j
99. occur.v
100. current.j
101. available.j
102. present.v
103. term.n
104. reduce.v
105. measure.n
106. involve.v
107. movement.n
108. specific.j
109. focus.v
110. region.n
111. relate.v
112. individual.j
113. quality.n
114. establish.v
115. author.n
116. seek.v
117. compare.v
118. growth.n
119. natural.j
120. various.j
121. standard.n
122. example.n
123. management.n
124. scale.n
125. argue.v
126. degree.n
127. design.n
128. concern.n
129. state.v
130. therefore.r
131. examine.v
132. pattern.n
133. researcher.n
134. task.n
135. traditional.j
136. finding.n
137. positive.j
138. central.j
139. act.n
140. impact.n
141. reflect.v
142. recognize.v
143. context.n
144. relation.n
145. maintain.v
146. African.j
147. concept.n
148. discussion.n
149. associate.v
150. design.v
151. particularly.r
152. purpose.n
153. address.v
154. define.v
155. particular.j
156. benefit.n
157. survey.n
158. effective.j
159. apply.v
160. contain.v
161. understanding.n
162. production.n
163. form.v
164. association.n
165. reveal.v
166. range.n
167. affect.v
168. attitude.n
169. status.n
170. necessary.j
171. function.n
172. indeed.r
173. present.j
174. global.j
175. conflict.n
176. achieve.v
177. conduct.v
178. critical.j
179. perform.v
180. discuss.v
181. exist.v
182. improve.v
183. observe.v
184. demonstrate.v
185. unit.n
186. total.j
187. modern.j
188. literature.n
189. result.v
190. experience.v
191. principle.n
192. element.n
193. challenge.n
194. control.v
195. historical.j
196. aspect.n
197. perspective.n
198. basic.j
199. measure.v
200. tradition.n
201. belief.n
202. western.j
203. procedure.n
204. test.v
205. category.n
206. tend.v
207. technique.n
208. outcome.n
209. significantly.r
210. generally.r
211. future.j
212. mean.n
213. importance.n
214. application.n
215. feature.n
216. influence.n
217. basis.n
218. interaction.n
219. refer.v
220. communication.n
221. negative.j
222. primary.j
223. characteristic.n
224. European.j
225. lack.n
226. obtain.v
227. potential.j
228. variety.n
229. component.n
230. following.j
231. access.n
232. contribute.v
233. assume.v
234. express.v
235. tool.n
236. promote.v
237. participate.v
238. labor.n
239. engage.v
240. review.n
241. additional.j
242. highly.r
243. appropriate.j
244. publish.v
245. encourage.v
246. successful.j
247. assess.v
248. view.v
249. client.n
250. instrument.n
251. relatively.r
252. meaning.n
253. limit.v
254. increase.n
255. directly.r
256. previous.j
257. demand.n
258. vision.n
259. female.j
260. attempt.n
261. influence.v
262. independent.j
263. solution.n
264. direct.j
265. conclusion.n
266. presence.n
267. scientific.j
268. ethnic.j
269. complex.j
270. active.j
271. male.n
272. claim.n
273. participation.n
274. focus.n
275. contrast.n
276. failure.n
277. internal.j
278. journal.n
279. multiple.j
280. facility.n
281. user.n
282. emerge.v
283. protection.n
284. extent.n
285. male.j
286. mental.j
287. explore.v
288. consequence.n
289. generate.v
290. content.n
291. device.n
292. requirement.n
293. broad.j
294. observation.n
295. visual.j
296. difficulty.n
297. regional.j
298. perceive.v
299. ie.r
300. urban.j
301. female.n
302. capacity.n
303. increased.j
304. ensure.v
305. select.v
306. moreover.r
307. emphasize.v
308. institute.n
309. extend.v
310. connection.n
311. sector.n
312. commitment.n
313. interpretation.n
314. evaluate.v
315. conclude.v
316. notion.n
317. increasingly.r
318. domestic.j
319. consist.v
320. reference.n
321. initial.j
322. adopt.v
323. comparison.n
324. depend.v
325. attempt.v
326. standard.j
327. predict.v
328. employ.v
329. definition.n
330. essential.j
331. contact.n
332. frequently.r
333. colleague.n
334. actual.j
335. account.v
336. dimension.n
337. theme.n
338. largely.r
339. link.v
340. desire.n
341. overall.j
342. useful.j
343. consistent.j
344. distribution.n
345. minority.n
346. analyze.v
347. range.v
348. psychological.j
349. unique.j
350. experiment.n
351. trend.n
352. exchange.n
353. percentage.n
354. objective.n
355. implication.n
356. contribution.n
357. enable.v
358. organize.v
359. specifically.r
360. currently.r
361. emotional.j
362. locate.v
363. primarily.r
364. scholar.n
365. enhance.v
366. improvement.n
367. flow.n
368. estimate.v
369. phase.n
370. rural.j
371. typically.r
372. above.r
373. long-term.j
374. core.n
375. volume.n
376. approximately.r
377. limited.j
378. propose.v
379. framework.n
380. existing.j
381. creation.n
382. code.n
383. emphasis.n
384. industrial.j
385. external.j
386. waste.n
387. potential.n
388. climate.n
389. explanation.n
390. technical.j
391. mechanism.n
392. description.n
393. vary.v
394. reduction.n
395. discipline.n
396. construct.v
397. equal.j
398. origin.n
399. rely.v
400. fundamental.j
401. transition.n
402. assumption.n
403. German.j
404. existence.n
405. formal.j
406. manner.n
407. assistance.n
408. combination.n
409. increasing.j
410. hypothesis.n
411. phenomenon.n
412. planning.n
413. error.n
414. household.n
415. cite.v
416. lack.v
417. judgment.n
418. constitute.v
419. relevant.j
420. typical.j
421. selection.n
422. incorporate.v
423. illustrate.v
424. cycle.n
425. depression.n
426. consideration.n
427. previously.r
428. arise.v
429. developing.j
430. separate.j
431. recognition.n
432. mode.n
433. similarly.r
434. resistance.n
435. furthermore.r
436. diversity.n
437. practical.j
438. anxiety.n
439. acquire.v
440. characterize.v
441. differ.v
442. review.v
443. interpret.v
444. creative.j
445. limitation.n
446. resolution.n
447. implementation.n
448. numerous.j
449. significance.n
450. revolution.n
451. philosophy.n
452. display.v
453. professional.n
454. publication.n
455. variation.n
456. derive.v
457. alternative.n
458. widely.r
459. permit.v
460. alternative.j
461. merely.r
462. initiative.n
463. employment.n
464. regard.v
465. estimate.n
466. effectively.r
467. cooperation.n
468. transform.v
469. absence.n
470. imply.v
471. comprehensive.j
472. observer.n
473. nevertheless.r
474. testing.n
475. link.n
476. evolution.n
477. intellectual.j
478. signal.n
479. passage.n
480. facilitate.v
481. discovery.n
482. biological.j
483. introduction.n
484. boundary.n
485. substantial.j
486. ratio.n
487. strongly.r
488. theoretical.j
489. gain.n
490. general.r
491. settlement.n
492. independence.n
493. yield.v
494. formation.n
495. insight.n
496. territory.n
497. conventional.j
498. inform.v
499. index.n
500. crucial.j
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